Selective mutism is a childhood anxiety disorder characterized by a consistent failure to speak in specific social situations, despite being capable of normal speech in other settings. Children with selective mutism may be able to speak and communicate normally with family members or close friends, but may not be able to speak in school, in public places, or with strangers. Selective mutism usually begins in early childhood, typically before the age of 5, and can persist into adolescence and adulthood if left untreated.

The exact cause of selective mutism is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. It is often considered an anxiety disorder, as children with selective mutism may experience intense anxiety, fear, or discomfort in certain social situations, leading to their inability to speak.

Some common signs and symptoms of selective mutism may include:

• Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations where speech is expected, such as school, public places, or with unfamiliar people.
• Limited or no verbal communication in certain situations, with the child relying on gestures, nods, or other nonverbal forms of communication.
• Excessive shyness, social withdrawal, or avoidance of social situations.
• Difficulty making eye contact or participating in group activities.
• Delayed or impaired social skills development.

It's important to note that selective mutism is not due to a lack of understanding or speech ability, but rather a difficulty in speaking in certain situations due to anxiety or fear. If you suspect that your child may have selective mutism, it's important to seek professional evaluation and support from a qualified mental health professional, such as a child psychologist or psychiatrist. Treatment may include behavioral therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and/or medication, depending on the severity and individual needs of the child. Early intervention and appropriate support can greatly improve outcomes for children with selective mutism.